Berkeley

1. Perception of an object was the only way of knowing anything about it, one couldn’t really know anything about it’s actual existence or its being. One couldn’t know anything outside their perception.

2. When referring to any real or material object one was really only referring to the one object they themselves perceived first-hand.

3. A person experiences another person by what is communicated to them, which is an act independent of oneself, then one could conclude in the existence of others.

4. If one person’s perception is consistent with another persons perception then one can conclude the existence of a similar reality.

5. That all experiences are actively caused by God and God’s mind is within
his own, and that God also exists outside his mind as an infinite mind. The existence og God is necessary because there needs to be an ultimate perceiver in order for anything to exist at all.

6. Johnson refuted Berkeley by kicking a stone and saying “ I refute it thus” in an attempt to prove the reality of it’s existence but he failed because an argument could be pit forth of his perception of that stone only existeing in his mind.

7. Primary qualities are properties of a thing that exist independent of any observer –objective and secondary qualities are properties dependent on an observer - subjective.

8. By putting one hand in cold water and one in hot water then both in lukewarm water to show that heat what not a primary quality but a secondary quality.

9. He extends it by showing size and shape are not primary qualities either.

10. Maybe, if God is the ultimate perceiver than he can perceive himself.

11. I would suppose they couldn’t. There would need to be an objective reality … whatever that is and whomever holding it together.