Galileo

1. In this context nominalism has to do with the concept of the non-existence of universals.
Things are like one another because the human mind attributes names them or percieves
similarities and relations not because of any essential quality of a thing . Only that particular
thing exists and whatever makes it "IT" - there is nothing outside of that object that is in every
other like object at the same time.

2. I think Ockhams Razor means that when it is not necessary to attribute plurals or more than one of something - don't do it.
Don't just automatically group things together and categorize things based on similarities. He thinks the more seperated
and individualistic things are the better.

3. I don't understand the question. What "answers"?

4. Okham thought that "mere belief" is enough for us because we have finite knowledge anyways and can never really know anything 100%.

5. British philosophy was strongly influenced by Ockhams ideas on limited knowledge.

6.Nicholas said that Philosophical reasoning / logic should not be applied to Christian Doctrine anymore because it failed. This was important
for the transition into modernism because people were starting to think that philosophy and theology should be two seperate schools of thought
and they should not be blended into one cohesive way of thinking.

7. Hasdai Crescas and Meister Eckhart applied rational methods only to raise problems to show how God's intervention was necessary for people to gain true insight and knowledge. This aided in the transition because they were limiting their use of rational thought and it wasn't what they depended on. Religion became more based in faith not logical reasoning so religion and philosophy seperated even more.
8. Nicolas of Cusa attempted to save scholasticism by trying to show how all the different ways of thinking can be brought together based on the understanding that contradictions were normal and should be accepted/tolerated. I think it didn't work because contradictions cannot be overlooked.

9. The method of inquiry that Galileo rejected was going to authoritative references to learn about nature, such as Aristotle.


10. Galileo’s preferred method was to learn by observing nature first hand. His process of inquiry was more mathematical with experimenting and calculating.

11. Galileo had so many enemies because he challenged really smart and well known people. He was not afraid of coming against popular thought and he wasn’t so respectful and gentle when doing so.

12. Galileo is mainly remembered as an astronomer.

13. mechanics and dynamics

14. by his discovery of the rate at which something falls is directly proportional to it’s weight.

15. Their reaction shows that pre-modern thinking did not accept new ways of thinking they stuck to tradition and didn’t like change despite the facts. Modern thinking – these days we have to acknowledge the facts and adjust to them instead of sticking to the same old ideas. Old ideas should only stick if they’re right.

16. He thought comets were like meteors.

17. I don’t know.

18. He attempted to prove that tides happened because of the rotation of the earth on it’s axis.

19. It was wrong because that would mean there would only be one tide. And later it was proven that tides had to do with the moon’s gravitational pull.

20. even though it was wrong it was a new thought or idea that was different from traditional thinking he did not refer to some great law or thinker of the past he was observing the world around him and forming hypothesis like we do today.